Ibid

Some academic publishers now prefer that "ibid." not be italicised, as it is a commonly found term.[4] Usage differs from style or citation guides as to whether ibid should be suffixed with a full stop. For example, Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities omits full stops and does not capitalise,[5] while the Economist Style guide uses a lower case starting letter with ending full stop.[6]

Ibid

Note: In the 17th Edition, the use of "Ibid" is now discouraged in favor of using shortened citations. For documents written utilizing the 16th or earlier editions of the Chicago Style Manual, you may still see 'ibid" used as seen below, but you should not use it in new papers.

Please note that ibid and n are used within the same set of footnotes on each page of your work. For example, if on page 1 of your work you have footnotes 1-7 you can use ibid and n within that set of footnotes. If on page 3 of your work you want to use a source you referred to on page 1 of your work, you will need to provided a full citation to it. You can then use ibid and n (as appropriate) for that source within page 3 of your work.

"Ibid." (the abbreviation for "ibidem", meaning "in the same place") refers to the work cited in the preceding footnote or to the preceding work within the same footnote. The term should not be used when the preceding footnote includes more than one source.

Ibid. is short for a Latin phrase that means, "in the same place," or the same as above. Chicago-style uses ibid. heavily in the notes-bibliography (NB) style or citation, and for a good reason--it makes citing in a paper so much easier!

"Shortened citations versus "ibid." The abbreviation ibid. (from ibidem, "in the same place") usually refers to a single work cited in the note immediately preceding. In a departure from previous editions, Chicago discourages the use of ibid. in favour of shortened citations...to avoid repetition, the title of a work just cited may be omitted. Shortened citations generally take up less than a line, meaning that ibid. saves no space, and in electronic formats that link to one note at a time, ibid. risks confusing the reader." (The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed., p. 759)

I recently read online that it makes a difference whether you use ibid or Ibid (capitalization) in your footnotes and that there are even rules around this, at this site (I don't go to the school running this site).

If your style guide does not explicitly give an answer to the question of whether or not ibid should be capitalized, the general rule of thumb is to think about footnotes as complete sentences, where there is a period at the end of a thought and a capital letter at the beginning of a sentence. You are correct that ibid is typically used at the beginning of a sentence, but this is not always the case.

Ibid is not a proper noun, so it's not capitalized as a matter of course. (Your own question contains several examples where lowercase 'ibid' is used correctly.) Whether it should be capitalized at the start of a footnote depends on the style guide used. For example, OSCOLA uses lowercase 'ibid', whereas the Chicago and Harvard styles use the capitalized form. When used for in-text citations it is typically lowercase, however.

Finally, when used with footnotes, 'ibid' doesn't necessarily occur at the start. In books I've seen 'ibid' occurring after parenthetical remarks, such as "For X, see ibid p. 50". Sometimes a single footnote is also used for multiple references, as in this example from the Physical Review style guide, where 'ibid' refers to the journal name:

As you may notice, the notes section in a Chicago style paper or book can be quite dense at times. In order to help the reader, you may use ibid. to shorten a citation if it comes from the same source as the note immediately preceding it. This avoids unnecessary repetition and redundancy, keeping your notes both clean and accurate.

Ibid. (from ibidem or 'in the same place') is used to shorten a citation work cited in the immediately preceding note. In the footnote, Ibid. should not be italicized; should be capitalized; and since it is an abbreviation, must end with a period. Put a comma after (Ibid., 99.) if the citation includes a page number. (16.4.2)

2. Letter, George B. Dorr to Director, NPS, Apr. 15,1920, Records of the National Park Service (Record Group 79), "Uniformsof the Park Service 1907-1925", National Archives; letter, Washington B.Lewis to Director, NPS, Apr. 8, 1920, ibid.; letter, Lewis to Director,NPS, May 15, 1920, ibid. Collection hereinafter cited as RG 79.

6. Letter, Goodwin to Director, NPS, June 2,1920,ibid; letter, Utica Uniform Company to Secretary of the Interior, May 6,1920, ibid; letter, Cammerer to Utica Uniform Company, May 26, 1920,ibid; letter, Utica Uniform Company to Cammerer, May 27, 1920, ibid.

20. Letters, Cammerer to Ansel F. Hall, Sept. 21,1925, Records of the National Park Service (Record Group 79 208.30)"Park Service Uniforms 1925-1932", National Archives; Arthur E. Demarayto Hall, Jan. 22, 1926, ibid; Demaray to Daniel R. Hull, Feb. 10, 1926,ibid; Hall to Cammerer, Apr. 16, 1926, ibid. Collection heretoaftercited as RG 79 208.30.

Ibid is an abbreviation of ibidem, a Latin word that means, literally, in the same place. Ibid is used mainly in footnotes or references to note a source that was previously mentioned, saving time and space by not repeating the same thing over and over again. Note here that it is the exact same source in the exact same place, so the duplicate citation would be exactly the same.

Some style guides and dictionaries will tell you to use a period with ibid., others will say it is fine without, some will tell you to italicize it because it is Latin, and yet others will say it can be further abbreviated to ib.

No. APA never uses ibid. Instead, give each citation using author names as usual. To learn about how APA uses Latin abbreviations in the APA official blog. You can download the abbreviation table in PDF.

Also, I know that ibidem is explicitly not a part of the APA citation style and by some is even considered as old-fashioned or outdated, but every institution has their own requirements, and since biblatex-apa meets my requirements in every other aspect, I would like to add this little extension to it instead of using another style.

First we need to define a macro to print the ibidem, cite:ibid (copied from authoryear-ibid.cbx). We also request the ibidem tracker with ibidtracker=constrict and page tracking (to avoid a "ibid." at the beginning of a page) with pagetracker.

A shortened version of the ibidem, ibid means 'in the same book, passage etc.'1, and should be used when referring to the immediately preceding footnote. It is not necessary to repeat the pinpoint reference where it is exactly the same, however, if you were referring to the same source but a different page than you would need to include the pinpoint.

The first time you cite a work in your paper, you should provide a complete citation for the work in a footnote or endnote. This complete citation will be listed again in your bibliography - see that section for more detailed rules. Subsequent citations may use ibid or supra. See the McGill Guide at E-12 to E-13.

Ibid: Abbreviation for Latin word ibidem, meaning "in the same place". Use ibid when referring to the same source as in the immediately preceding reference. Ibid may be used after a supra, or after another ibid.

Supra: Latin word meaning "above". Use supra when referring to a source for which you have already provided a full citation in an earlier note (but not the one immediately prior, in which case you would use ibid). 041b061a72